1863 - 1920
earlier | later

• 1863 - Colton popularised N2O in dentistry
• 1863 - Pasteur showed microbes caused fermentation
• 1864 - Chloroform the most popular A.
• 1865 - Lister developed antiseptic surgery
• 1867 - Junker’s inhaler
• 1868 - Edmund Andrews used oxygen with nitrous oxide
• 1869 - N2O available in cylinders (London)
• 1869 - Cuffed tracheostomy tube - Trendelenberg
• 1871 - Mason mouth gag.
• 1872 - Ether anaesthesia popularised - B. Joy Jeffries, visiting UK from Boston, USA.
• 1872 - N20/O2/Ether technique - Clover
• 1874 - Fergusson mouth gag
• 1877 - Clover portable regulating ether inhaler
• 1880 - Macewen introduced orotracheal intubation
• 1882 - Cyclopropane synthesised - von Freund
• 1884 - Cocaine - local analgesia for the eye - Koller & Freud
• 1884 - Halstead & Hall - cocaine nerve block
• 1886 - Heat sterilisation - aseptic surgery.
• 1887 - Hewitt - first gas & oxygen anaesthetic machine
• 1890 - Schimmelbusch mask designed
• 1890 - Ethyl chloride refrigerant analgesia
• 1890 - Rubber gloves for surgery - Halsted.
• 1894 - Codman & Cushing - anaesthetic record charts.
• 1898 - Bier introduced spinal analgesia
• 1900 - Landsteiner described ABO blood groups.
• 1901 - Extradural caudal analgesia - Sicard
• 1901 - Hewitt’s modification of Clover I.
• 1902 - Vernon Harcourt’s chloroform inhaler
• 1904 - Procaine synthesised - Einhorn
• 1907 - Hyperbaric spinal solutions - Barker
• 1907 - Bellamy Gardner wire mask for open ether
• 1908 - Pharyngeal airway - Hewitt
• 1908 - Ombredanne’s ether-air inhaler
• 1908 - Bier’s block - IV procaine
• 1910 - McKesson N2O/O2 demand flow anaesthetic machine
• 1910 - Elsberg Ether Apparatus launched in USA for tracheal insufflation anaesthesia
• 1911 - Phenobarbitone synthesised
• 1911 - Guedel reported self administered N2O in obstetrics.
• 1912 - Sight feed gas & oxygen flow meter - Boothby & Cotton
• 1912 - Curare first used - Lawen.
• 1915 - CO2 absorption in animals - Dennis Jackson (Cincinnati).
• 1916 - Shipway’s warm ether apparatus
• 1917 - Boyle’s apparatus (N2O & O2)
• 1920 - Chloroform bottle added to Boyle’s apparatus.
• 1920 - Dangerous Drugs Act 1920 controlled opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine and ecogonine
• 1920 - Guedel’s signs of anaesthesia
• 1920 - Rowbotham & Magill developed endotracheal anaesthesia